Unit 1 - Democracy and Equality for Women - The Right to Vote
Why Then? Why did the endeavor for this reform get underway when it did?
1) Copy into notebooks:
The Four Causes of WWI
nationalism, militarism, secret alliances, imperialism
nationalism: when an ethnic, religious or cultural group feels entitled to its own state.
militarism: when a country's economy and culture is based on the military.
secret alliances: agreements between two or more countries to support each other during war, unbeknownst to other nations.
imperialism: when a country dominates another economically, politically and culturally.
Two sides of WWI
Allies/Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia, USA)
Central Powers/Triple Alliance (Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria Hungary)
2) Read/Take Notes:
Summary of Events
The Start of the War
World
War I began on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declared war on
Serbia. This seemingly small conflict between two countries spread
rapidly: soon, Germany, Russia, Great Britain, and France were all drawn
into the war, largely because they were involved in treaties that
obligated them to defend certain other nations. Western and eastern
fronts quickly opened along the borders of Germany and Austria-Hungary.
The Western and Eastern Fronts
The
first month of combat consisted of bold attacks and rapid troop
movements on both fronts. In the west, Germany attacked first Belgium
and then France. In the east, Russia attacked both Germany and
Austria-Hungary. In the south, Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia.
Following the Battle of the Marne (September 5–9, 1914), the western
front became entrenched in central France and remained that way for the
rest of the war. The fronts in the east also gradually locked into
place.
The Ottoman Empire
Late
in 1914, the Ottoman Empire was brought into the fray as well, after
Germany tricked Russia into thinking that Turkey had attacked it. As a
result, much of 1915 was dominated by Allied actions against the
Ottomans in the Mediterranean. First, Britain and France launched a
failed attack on the Dardanelles. This campaign was followed by the
British invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula. Britain also launched a
separate campaign against the Turks in Mesopotamia. Although the British
had some successes in Mesopotamia, the Gallipoli campaign and the
attacks on the Dardanelles resulted in British defeats.
Trench Warfare
The
middle part of the war, 1916 and 1917, was dominated by continued
trench warfare in both the east and the west. Soldiers fought from
dug-in positions, striking at each other with machine guns, heavy
artillery, and chemical weapons. Though soldiers died by the millions in
brutal conditions, neither side had any substantive success or gained
any advantage.
The United States’ Entrance and Russia’s Exit
Despite
the stalemate on both fronts in Europe, two important developments in
the war occurred in 1917. In early April, the United States, angered by
attacks upon its ships in the Atlantic, declared war on Germany. Then,
in November, the Bolshevik Revolution prompted Russia to pull out of the
war.
The End of the War and Armistice
Although
both sides launched renewed offensives in 1918 in an all-or-nothing
effort to win the war, both efforts failed. The fighting between
exhausted, demoralized troops continued to plod along until the Germans
lost a number of individual battles and very gradually began to fall
back. A deadly outbreak of influenza, meanwhile, took heavy tolls on
soldiers of both sides. Eventually, the governments of both Germany and
Austria-Hungary began to lose control as both countries experienced
multiple mutinies from within their military structures.
The war
ended in the late fall of 1918, after the member countries of the
Central Powers signed armistice agreements one by one. Germany was the
last, signing its armistice on November 11, 1918. As a result of these
agreements, Austria-Hungary was broken up into several smaller
countries. Germany, under the Treaty of Versailles, was severely
punished with hefty economic reparations, territorial losses, and strict
limits on its rights to develop militarily.
Germany After the War
Many
historians, in hindsight, believe that the Allies were excessive in
their punishment of Germany and that the harsh Treaty of Versailles
actually planted the seeds of World War II, rather than foster peace.
The treaty’s declaration that Germany was entirely to blame for the war
was a blatant untruth that humiliated the German people. Furthermore,
the treaty imposed steep war reparations payments on Germany, meant to
force the country to bear the financial burden of the war. Although
Germany ended up paying only a small percentage of the reparations it
was supposed to make, it was already stretched financially thin by the
war, and the additional economic burden caused enormous resentment.
Ultimately, extremist groups, such as the Nazi Party, were able to
exploit this humiliation and resentment and take political control of
the country in the decades following.
c) Study Map and print/draw in notebook:
d) Define each of the following words and use each in a sentence. List the part of speech.
avert
exultation
abyss
salient
idle
mutiny
consent
abridge
financier
paradox
ingenuity
supplant
stringent
confer
plunder
deliberate
proclaim
emancipate
sedition
e)Watch the following film clips and take notes.
Notes should:
- clearly demonstrates understanding of all the article's central ideas
- provide evidence/quotes to support your claims/arguments; evidence includes numeric data, relevant people and events
- be neat and organized; contain headings that show general ideas;
contain bullets, numbers, letters or other symbols to distinguish
supporting ideas and evidence
I feel as if a few of you have not looked at the essay rubric yet. Please do so:
http://mrcopelandsclass.blogspot.com/2012/09/democratizing-america-unit-1-democracy.html
